Fig. 4

Location plate of Atlantic Panama, Bocas del Toro Basin (A), north coast of Panama (B) and Canal Basin (C), based on the geological maps of Coates et al., (1992, 2005). Formation abbreviations Bocas del Toro Basin (A): Valiente Peninsula A1 SHP, Shark Hole Point FM (Lower Pliocene); NP, Nancy Point FM (Upper Miocene, Messinian); V1–V5 Valiente FM volcanics. Popa Island A2 CA, Cayo Agua FM (Pliocene); V2, Valiente FM volcanics. Cayo Agua Island A3 CA-up, upper Cayo Agua FM (Lower Pliocene, upper Zanclean); CA-lo, lower Cayo Agua FM (Lower Pliocene, lower Zanclean). Bastimentos Island A4 GC, Ground Creek Unit of Bastimentos FM (lower Pleistocene, Gelasian); LG, La Gruta Unit of Bastimentos FM (lower Pleistocene, Gelasian); OB, Old Bank Unit of Bastimentos FM (lower Pleistocene, Gelasian); V, volcanics. Escudo de Veraguas (A5): EV-up, upper Escudo de Veraguas FM (lower Pleistocene, Gelasian); EV-lo, lower Escudo de Veraguas FM (upper Pliocene, Piacenzian). Colon Island and Swan Cay (A6): GC, Ground Creek Unit of Bastimentos FM (Pleistocene); LG, La Gruta Unit of Bastimentos FM (Pleistocene); OB, Old Bank Unit of Bastimentos FM (Pleistocene); SC, Swan Cay FM (Pleistocene, Calabrian). Formations abbreviations Panama north coast (B) and Canal Basin (C): Cha, Chagres FM (Upper Miocene); GA, Gatun FM (Upper Miocene, Tortonian)