Table 2 Functional groups (1–4) organized by genera, trophic preference and habitat
From: The Neogene tropical America fish assemblage and the paleobiogeography of the Caribbean region
Genera | Family | Trophic | Habitat | G | ID | Genera | Family | Trophic | Habitat | G | ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manta | MYLIOBATIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 1 | MANT | Hoplostethus | TRACHICHTHYIDAE | Carnivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | HOPL |
Acropoma | ACROPOMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ACRO | Ostichthys | HOLOCENTRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | OSTI |
Isacia | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ISAC | Decapterus | CARANGIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | DECA |
Diplodus | SPARIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | DIPL | Mene | MENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | MENE |
Sparus | SPARIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | SPAR | Diapterus | GERREIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | DIAP |
Mokaira | ISTIOPHORIDAE | Carnivore | Pelagic | 1 | MAKA | Gerres | GERREIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | GERR |
Ginglymostomus | GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | GING | Haemulopsis | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | HAML |
Antennarius | ANTENNARIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ANTE | Aplodinotus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | APLO |
Lobotes | LOBOTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | LOBO | Pachyurus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PACK |
Sphyraena | SPHYRAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | SPHA | Bembrops | PERCOPHIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | BEMB |
Notorhynchus | HEXANCHIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | NOTO | Lepidopus | TRICHIURIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | LEPI |
Pseudocarcharias | PSEUDOCARCHARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PSEU | Achiurus | ACHIRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ACHI |
Paratodus | LAMNIDAE | Carnivore | Pelagic | 1 | PARA | Diodon | DIODONTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | DIOD |
Galeorhinus | GALEORHINIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | GALE | Heptranchias | HEXANCHIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | HEPT |
Etmopterus | DALATIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | ETMO | Odontaspis | ODONTASPIDIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ODON |
Trigonognathus | DALATIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | TRIG | Alopias | ALOPIIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | ALOP |
Dalatias | DALATIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | DALA | Mustelus | TRIAKIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | MUST |
Centrophorus | CENTROPHORIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | CENT | Isogomphodon | CARCHARHINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ISOG |
Daenia | CENTROPHORIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | DAEN | Squalus | SQUALIDAE | Carnivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | SQUA |
Pristiophorus | PRISTIOPHORIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PRIS | Squatina | SQUATINIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | SQAT |
Pteromylaeus | MYLIOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | PTER | Raja | RAJIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | RAJA |
Plinthicus | MYLIOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | PLIN | Rhinchobatos | RHINOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | RHIB |
Japonoconger | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | JAPO | Mobula | MYLIOBATIDAE | Planktivore | Plagic | 1 | MOBU |
Conger | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | CONG | Steindachneria | MERLUCCIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 1 | STEI |
Cynoponthicus | MURAENESOCIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | CYNP | Odontaspis | ODONTASPIDIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ODON |
Harengula | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 1 | HARE | Ophioscion | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | OPHS |
Amphiarius | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | AMPH | Carcharias | ODONTASPIDIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | EUGO |
Aspistor | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ASPI | Narcine | NARCINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | NARC |
Notarius | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | NOTA | Rhinoptera | MYLIOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | RHIT |
Bagre | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | BAGR | Sciades | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | SCIA |
Argentina | ARGENTINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ARGE | Symbolophorus | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | SYMB |
Scopelosaurus | NOTOSUDIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | SCOP | Polymixia | POLYMIXIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | POLX |
Neoscopelus | NEOSCOPELIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | NEOS | Thalassophryne | BATRACHOIDIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | THAL |
Electrona | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | ELEC | Ocyurus | LUTJANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | OCYU |
Physiculus | MORIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PHYS | Plagioscion | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PLAG |
Snyderidia | CARAPIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | SYND | Protosciaena | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | PROT |
Membras | ATHERINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | MEMB | Albula | ALBULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | ALBU |
Melamphaes | MELAMPHAIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | MELA | Myctophum | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 1 | MYCT |
Hyporhamphus | HEMIRHAMPHIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | HYPO | Diaphus | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 2 | DIAP |
Hildebrandia | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 1 | HILDE | Bregmaceros | BREGMACEROTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | BREG |
Epigonus | EPIGONIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 1 | EPIG | Porichthys | BATRACHOIDIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PORI |
Engraulis | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 2 | ENGR | Apogon | APOGONIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | APOG |
Maurolicus | STERNOPTYCHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 2 | MAUR | Ariosoma | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | ARIO |
Saurida | SYNODONTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | SAUR | Gnathophis | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | GNAT |
Coelorhinchus | MACROURIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 2 | COEL | Clupea | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | CLUP |
Ophidion | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | OPHI | Eutrumeus | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | EURU |
Cetengraulis | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 2 | CENT | Anchovia | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | ANCV |
Trachurus | CARANGIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | TRAC | Yarella | NEOSCOPELIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | YARE |
Cynoscion | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | CYNO | Ceratoscopelus | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | CERA |
Equetus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | EQUE | Lampadena | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | LAMP |
Larimus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | LARM | Steindachneria | MERLUCCIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | STEN |
Paralonchurus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PARL | Notoscopelus | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | NOTO |
Syacium | PARALICHTHYIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | SYAC | Paragadus | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 3 | PARG |
Hygophum | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 2 | HYGO | Hoplobrotula | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 3 | HOPL |
Otophidium | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | OTOP | Genypterus | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 3 | GENY |
Echiodon | CARAPIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | ECHI | Cataetyx | BYTHITIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 3 | CATA |
Opisthonema | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 2 | OPIS | Carapus | CARAPIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | CARA |
Umbrina | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | UMBR | Antennarius | ANTENNARIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ANTE |
Pythomichthys | HETERENCHELIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PYTH | Paralabrax | SERRANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PARX |
Opisthonema | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 2 | OPIS | Prionodes | SERRANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PRIO |
Anchoa | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 2 | ANCH | Pseudochromis | PSEUDOCHROMIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PSEU |
Arius | ARIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | ARIU | Anisostrema | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ANIS |
Plotosus | PLOTOSIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PLOT | Brachydeuteres | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | BRAC |
Myripristis | HOLOCENTRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | MYRI | Nemipterus | NEMIPTERIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | NEMI |
Citharichthys | PARALICHTHYIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | CITH | Genyonemus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | GENY |
Symphurus | CYNOGLOSSIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | SYMP | Isopisthus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ISOP |
Paraconger | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PCON | Menticirrhus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | MENT |
Lepophidium | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | LEPO | Pareques | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PARQ |
Eucinostomus | GERREIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | EUCI | Seriphus | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | SERI |
Lactarius | LACTARIIDAE | Carnivore | Bathydemersal | 2 | LACT | Stellifer | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | STEL |
Mugil | MUGILIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | MUGI | Strongylurus | BELONIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | STRO |
“Gobiidarum” | GOBIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | GOBI | Hemirhamphus | HEMIRHAMPHIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | HEMR |
Lonchopisthus | OPISTOGNATHIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | LONC | Euleptorhamphus | HEMIRHAMPHIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | EULE |
Pristipomoides | LUTJANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | PRTO | Cymatogaster | EMBIOTOCIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | CYMA |
Haemulon | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 2 | HAEM | Hyperprosopon | EMBIOTOCIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | HYPE |
Micrometrus | EMBIOTOCIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | MICE | Pristis | PRISTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | PRST |
Abudefduf | POMACENTRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ABUD | Rhynchobatus | RHINOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | RHYN |
Chromis | POMACENTRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | CROM | Isurus | LAMNIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | ISUR |
“Labridarum” | LABRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | LABR | Aetobatus | MYLIOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | AETO |
“Dactyloscopidarum” | DACTYLOSCOPIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | DACT | Myliobatis | MYLIOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | MYLI |
Eopseptta | PLEURONECTHYDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | EOPS | Gadella | MORIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 4 | GADL |
Isopsetta | PLEURONECTHYDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ISOP | Neobythites | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | NEOB |
“Soleidarum” | SOLEIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | SOLE | Parascombrops | ACROPOMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | PRAS |
Laemonema | MORIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 3 | LAEM | Galeocerdo | CARCHARHINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | GALO |
Rhechias | CONGRIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | RHEC | Sphyrna | SPHYRNIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | SPHY |
Rhynchobatus | RHINOBATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | RHYN | Megaselachus | OTODONTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | MEGA |
Neoopisthopterus | PRISTIGASTERIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | NEOP | Carcharhinus | CARCHARHINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | CARC |
Pellona | CLUPEIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | PELL | Sphyraena | SPHYRAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | SPHA |
Ctengraulis | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | CETN | Hemipristis | HEMIGALEIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | HEMI |
Lampanictus | MYCTOPHIDAE | Planktivore | Bathypelagic | 3 | LAMI | Dasyatis | DASYATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | DASY |
Merluccius | MERLUCCIIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | MERL | Trichiurus | TRICHIURIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | TRIC |
Brotula | OPHIDIIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 3 | BROT | ||||||
Prionotus | TRIGLIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PRIO | ||||||
Epinephelus | SERRANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | EPIN | ||||||
Lutjanus | LUTJANIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | LUTJ | ||||||
Orthopristis | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | ORTH | ||||||
Pomadasys | HAEMULIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | POMA | ||||||
Micropogonias | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | MICR | ||||||
Sciaena | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | SCIA | ||||||
Sciaenops | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | SCOP | ||||||
Peprilus | STROMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | PEPR | ||||||
Bairdiella | SCIAENIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | BAIR | ||||||
Ilisha | PRISTIGASTERIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | ILIS | ||||||
Cetengraulis | ENGRAULIDAE | Planktivore | Pelagic | 3 | CTEN | ||||||
Nebrius | GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 3 | NEBR | ||||||
Heterodontus | HETERODONTIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | HETE | ||||||
Nebrius | GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | NEBR | ||||||
Negaprion | CARCHARHINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | NEGA | ||||||
Rhyzoprionodon | CARCHARHINIDAE | Carnivore | Demersal | 4 | RHIZ | ||||||
Isistius | DALATIIDAE | Carnivore | Benthopelagic | 4 | ISIS |