Table 1 Counts and measurements of Aphia macrophthalma n.sp. and comparison with the extant Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810) (extant data after Rojo 1985)

SL (mm)

14.5

<58

Otolith in situ

Yes

Meristics

 Precaudal vertebrae

11

10

 Total vertebrae

28

26–28

 D 1

VI

V (IV–VI)

 D 2

I + 10

I + 12 (11–13)

 A

I + 10

I + 13–14

 Pectoral

11+

17–18

 D1 last ray between NS

NS7–NS8

NS5–NS6

 Empty neural spines

NS8–NS10

NS7–NS9

 D2 first PT between NS

NS10–NS11

NS9–NS10

 Caudal principle

18

14–17

 Dorsal pterygiophore formula

3-21111001

3-1311*01 to 3-2211*01

 Anal PT1 opposite to

D2/1

 Postmaxillary process on PMX

nv

Present

 EPU

1?

1

 AP

2

2

 SOP anterior-ventral shape

nv

Hook-like

Scales

 On head

nv

Naked

 On body

Few indications of scales

Predorsal naked

 Type

Cycloid?

Cycloid

 Scales along lateral line

nm

19–25

 Scale size (mm)

Morphometrics (% of SL)

 Head length

31.7

25–27

 Max. body height

10.6

16–18.5

 Orbit diameter

9.0

~6.5

 D1 length

10.0

 A length

8.7

 PL = pectoral length

17.0

 Predorsal to D1

36.0

 Predorsal to D2

54.3

 Preanal

58.3

 Base of D1

10.3

 Base of D2

27.8

 Base of A

22.8

 Distance of D1 to D2

8.0