Table 2 Counts and measurements of Proneogobius pullus (Kramberger 1882) and comparison with aggregated extant genera Gobius, Neogobius and Ponticola (extant data after Ahnelt et al. 2000; Miller 2003; Whitehead et al. 1986)

SL (mm)

35

29.7

33.3

33.8

<180 (270)

<220

<250

Otolith in situ

No

Yes

No

No

Meristics

 Precaudal vertebrae

11**

12**

12 or 13**

12

11

13–14

13–14

 Total vertebrae

29**

31**

30**

30

27–28

31–34

32–35

 D 1

VI

VII

VII

nv

VI

VI (VI–VII)

VI (V–VII)

 D 2

I + 9–10

I + 11

I + 10

I + 11 or 12

I + 11–16

I + 13–17

I + 15–20

 A

I + 10–11

I + 9+

I + 12

I + 11

I + 10–14

! + 11–16

I + 11–16

 Pectoral

12+

nv

19

11–12+

15–23

16–20

16–21

 D1 last ray between NS

NS6–NS7

NS6–NS7

NS6–NS7

nv

NS6–NS7

NS6–NS7

NS6–NS7

 Empty neural spines

NS7–NS8

NS7–NS8

NS7–NS9

nv

NS7–NS8

NS7–NS8

NS7–NS8

 D2 first PT between NS

NS8–NS9

NS8–NS9

NS9–NS10

NS8–NS9

NS8–NS9

NS8–NS9

NS8–NS9

 Caudal principle

14+

15

15

15

16–18

15–17

14–16

 Dorsal pterygiophore formula

nv

3-222101

3-2221001

nv

3-22110

3-22110

3-22110

 Anal PT1 opposite to

D2/2

D2/3

D2/2

D2/3

D2/4

D2/6 or 7

D2/6 or 7

 Postmaxillary process on PMX

nv

nv

nv

Present

Present

Present

Present

 EPU

1

1

nv

nv

1

1

1

 AP

2

2

3

2

1–3

1–3

1–3

 SOP anterior-ventral shape

nv

Hook-like

Hook-like

nv

Hook-like

Hook-like

Hook-like

Scales

 On head

Few remnants visible on nape

Few remnants visible on nape

Scales on nape, occ. rear cheek

Partly scaled on nape, occ. upper opercle

Nape scaled completely, rarely only rear

 On body

Fully scaled

Fully scaled

Fully scaled

Fully scaled

Fully scaled

 Type

Ctenoid

Ctenoid

Ctenoid

Ctenoid, head cycloid

Ctenoid, head cycloid

 Scales along lateral line

32 + (+5?)

30+

30–65

45–65

42–75

 Scale size (mm)

~0.6

nm

Morphometrics (% of SL)

 Head length

31.4

nm

33.2

35.4

25–30

25–32

30–39

 Max. body height

18.7

21.4

17.3

15.1

19–21

16–26

17–30

 Orbit diameter

nm

nm

6.8

6.4

8.5–10.5

5.5–6

5.5–6

 D1 length

12.4

14.0

11.1

nv

 A length

15.2

10.7

11.2

12.1

 PL = pectoral length

16.8

nm

~17.5

nm

 Predorsal to D1

37.4

nm

32.7

nm

30–37

34–41

 Predorsal to D2

53.1

nm

53.4

54.6

47–50

 Preanal

61.4

nm

58.5

64.7

52–56

 Base of D1

9.1

10.5

12.4

nv

9.5–11.5

 Base of D2

26.4

26.9

22.7

26.5

33–37.5

34–41

 Base of A

26.2

26.8

31.0

19.8 (?)

30–33.5

23–33.5

 Distance of D1 to D2

5.5

5.8

8.0

nm