Fig. 3

Model δ¹⁸O_aragonite results for 500 simulations of swimming at four distinct locations with three different swimming velocities with a uniform time averaging and growth rate. Solid black lines show the average trajectory for model results. Most lines are nearly horizontal. Dashed bounding lines are the surface (0 m) and deep-water (400 m) temperatures from the World Ocean Atlas (Locarnini et al. 2013) converted to δ¹⁸O_aragonite using Eq. 1. The apparent mismatch in the early part of the year from EastNA is due to the maximum temperature being near 100 m depth during part of the year (Fig. 2). Dark gray bands bound the 25th–75th percentiles of model results. Lighter gray bands bound the 5th–95th percentiles. Sinusoidal δ¹⁸O variability resolvable beyond typical instrumental precision (± 0.1 ‰ 2SD) would not be unambiguously detected in slow swimmers from many locations but could potentially be detected in fast swimmers at mid- or high-latitude locations where strong seasonal controls of temperature structure of the water column are present