Fig. 4

Model δ¹⁸O_aragonite results for 500 simulations a fixed growth rate and swimming velocity with three time-averaging treatments for the Upwelling location. The black line is the mean value for all model runs. Dark gray band delimitation of 25th and 75th percentiles. Light gray bands are the 5th and 95th percentiles. Increased time averaging reduces the expected measured δ¹⁸O_aragonite range of these data much like increased swimming speeds (Fig. 3). This result suggests independent constraints on growth will be necessary to unambiguously interpret δ¹⁸O_aragonite in cephalopods