Fig. 1

Spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic context of the study. A Localities in the Pampean Region (green) of Argentina (yellow) according to Chichkoyan Kayayan (2017), Prado et al. (2021), and Voglino (2020). For each locality the proportion of each genus is indicated by the same color code as used in the tree. The numbered localities are: 1, San Lorenzo/Barranca San Lorenzo, Tonelero; 2, San Nicolás/Barranca San Nicolás, Tonelero; 3, Rosario/Barranca Rosario/Alverde près Rosario, Tonelero; 4, Arroyo de Cepeda; 5, Arroyo del Medio/Barranca del Arroyo del Medio; 6, Arroyo Pergamino; 7, Arroyo Pergo (locality lost or Arroyo Pergamino abbreviated). B Phylogeny of the studied glyptodonts following Nuñez-Blasco et al. (2021). The chronological scale is based on numerous works that have linked Roth's Pampean subdivisions with the stratigraphic Stages/Ages (see text). The nodes of the tree are not calibrated in time, but the stratigraphic extension of each species is indicated (see text for references). Bonae., Bonaerian; L., Lujanian; Sub., Subdivision; Sup., Superior