Fig. 10

Comparison of grasping structures of immatures of Dermaptera and Neuroptera. Top row and middle row: Corresponding shapes of cerci in Dermaptera (top) and stylets of Neuroptera (middle); specimen pairs in same column in top and middle row share similar principal morphology. Left, top row and middle row: Very elongated, slender and flexible morphology, seen in the modern fauna. Left, top row: Extant hatchling of Diplatys flavicollis; simplified after Shimizu and Machida (2011, Fig. 1C, p. 85). Left, middle row: Larva of Sisyra iridipennis (Sisyridae); simplified after Morales (2020, pl. 1B, p. 31). Middle, top row and middle row: elongated, but inflexible morphology as seen in the Cretaceous, but now extinct. Middle, top row: Fossil immature, based on specimen PED 0170 (see Fig. 3A–C). Middle, middle row: Fossil immature, specimen 4812; simplified after Zhang (2017, upper image on p. 384). Right, top row and middle row: Stouter morphology, seen in the modern fauna. Right, top row: Extant immature of Euborellia arcanum, specimen DE 261; simplified after Matzke and Kočárek (2015, Fig. 11 in image/Fig. 12 in caption, p. 135). Right, middle row: Larva of Hemerobiidae, based on specimen 4065. Bottom rows: Other examples of larvae of Neuroptera with elongated structures supposedly allowing for a long-distance catch; from upper row left to bottom row right: Cladofer huangi, simplified after Badano et al., (2018, suppl. Figure 1d, suppl. p. 10); “supersting larva”, simplified after Haug et al., (2021a, Fig. 3A, p. 5); “superfang larva”, simplified after Haug et al., (2019b, Fig. 3B, p. 438); Macleodiella electrina, simplified after Badano et al., (2018, Fig. 3a, p. 5); larva of Necrophylus sp., simplified after Herrera-Flórez et al., (2020, Fig. 5A, p. 311); “chimera”, simplified after Haug et al., (2019a, Fig. 4, left p. 8)