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Fig. 11 | Swiss Journal of Palaeontology

Fig. 11

From: Digital skull anatomy of the Oligocene North American tortoise Stylemys nebrascensis with taxonomic comments on the species and comparisons with extant testudinids of the GopherusManouria clade

Fig. 11

3D renderings of aspects of the occipital and cavum acustico-jugulare regions of FMNH UC 1501, Stylemys nebrascensis. A Posterior parts of the cranium in posterolateroventral view of the left side. B Close-up showing openings on the posterior skull surface with skull openings indicated as indicative line drawings. C Posterodorsomedial view onto partial posterior skull with the opisthotic, exoccipital and basioccipital removed. D Close-up of features of the cavum acustico-jugulare, inner ear, and recessus scalae tympani indicated as interpretative line drawings. Note that bones are labelled in bold font, and traits in regular font. Hatched bone surfaces indicate articulation surfaces of shown bones to those that were digitally removed to achieve the internal skull views. a-q-op, articulation surface of quadrate facing opisthotic; a-pif, articulation surface for the processus interfenestralis; a-pro-op, articulation surface of prootic facing opisthotic; a-pt-op, articulation surface of pterygoid facing opisthotic; acst, aditus canalis stapedio temporalis; boc, basioccipital; cc, cavum cranii; dscf, dorsal subcavernosal canal foramina; ep, epipterygoid; ex, exoccipital; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpcci, foramen posterius canalis carotici interni; fpo, fenestra postotica; fjp, foramen jugulare posterius; ica, incisura columellae auris; op, opisthotic; opf, oropharyngeal foramen; par, parietal; pbs, parabasisphenoid; plhv, path of lateral head vein; pro, prootic; psta, path for the stapedial artery; pstf, poststapedial foramen; pstp, poststapedial process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; rst, recessus scalae tympani; scf, subcavernosal foramen; st, stapes; XII, foramina for the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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