Appendix: Triassic crinoid taxa considered in Fig. 1
For additional detailed stratigraphic and geographic data see Biese (1934), Simms (1990a, b), and Klikushin (1987). The authors of taxa are not referenced.
Order Holocrinida Jaekel, 1918
Family Holocrinidae Jaekel, 1918
Holocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer, 1887—Olenekian–Ladinian; Europe, Asia, N-America.
Holocrinus n. sp.—Olenekian (Smithian); Hiraiso Formation, North Japan (Kashiyama and Oji 2004); Zhitkov Formation, South Primorye, Russia (Oji 2009); columnals, cirrals.
Holocrinus smithi Clark, 1908—Olenekian (Spathian); Virgin Limestone, Thaynes Formation, Western N-America (Schubert et al. 1992); columnals, cirrals.
Holocrinus n. sp. (Leonardi 1968, Fig. 60)—Olenekian (Spathian); Werfen Formation, Southern Alps; Czopak Marl Formation, Hungary; columnals, cirrals.
Holocrinus acutangulus (v. Meyer, 1847)—early Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; columnals, cirrals, cup, brachials.
Holocrinus wagneri (Benecke, 1887)—early Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Germany; complete articulated specimens.
Holocrinus beyrichi (Picard, 1883)—middle Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Germany; complete articulated specimens.
Holocrinus dubius (Goldfuss, 1831)—middle–late Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; complete articulated specimens.
Holocrinus meyeri Hagdorn & Gluchowski, 1993—late Anisian; Lower and Middle Muschelkalk, Poland; columnals, cirrals, cup, brachials.
Holocrinus doreckae, Hagdorn 1983—latest Anisian; Upper Muschelkalk, Germany; columnals, cirrals.
Holocrinus cisnerosi Schmidt, 1935—Ladinian; Muschelkalk, Spain; columnals, cirrals.
Moenocrinus Hildebrand, 1926—early Anisian; Germany
Moenocrinus deeckei Hildebrand, 1926—early Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Germany; complete articulated specimens.
Eckicrinus Hagdorn & Gluchowski, 1993—middle – late Anisian; Central Europe, Southwest China
Eckicrinus radiatus (v. Schauroth, 1859)—middle–late Anisian; Recoaro Formation, Southern Alps, Hungary; Lower and Middle Muschelkalk, Poland; Quinyang Formation, Guizhou; columnals, cirrals.
Tollmannicrinus Klikushin, 1992—late Anisian–Rhaetian; Europe, Asia, Timor, New Zealand
Tollmannicrinus quinqueradiatus (Bather, 1909)—late Anisian–Rhaetian; Hungary, Turkey, Timor, New Zealand; columnals, cup, brachials.
Tollmannicrinus saklibelensis (Kristan-Tollmann, 1975)—late Anisian–early Carnian; Hallstatt Limestones Turkey; Quingyan Formation, Guizhou; columnals, cup, brachials.
Tollmannicrinus n. sp. (unpublished material MHI)—middle Carnian; Hanwang Formation, Central China; columnals, cup, brachials.
Order Encrinida Matsumoto, 1929
Family Dadocrinidae Lowenstam, 1942
Dadocrinus v. Meyer, 1847—early Anisian; Europe
Dadocrinus gracilis (v. Buch, 1845)—early Anisian; Formazione à gracilis, Southern Alps; Lower Muschelkalk, Poland, Germany, Hungary; complete articulated specimens.
Dadocrinus kunischi Wachsmuth & Springer, 1887—early Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Poland; complete articulated specimens.
Dadocrinus grundeyi Langenhan, 1903—early Anisian; Tatra Mountains, Lower Muschelkalk, Poland; complete articulated specimens.
Dadocrinidae gen. nov. (five-armed dadocrinid cf. Hagdorn 1996, Pl. 2, Fig. c)—early Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Poland; complete articulated specimens.
Carnallicrinus Hagdorn, 2004—middle Anisian; Central Europe
Carnallicrinus carnalli (Beyrich, 1856)—middle Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Germany, Poland; complete articulated specimens.
Family Encrinidae Dujardin & Hupé, 1862
Encrinus Lamarck, 1801—Anisian–Ladinian; Europe, Asia
Encrinus aculeatus v. Meyer, 1847—Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; Prezzo Limestone, Southern Alps; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus robustus Assmann, 1925—Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; Prezzo Limestone, Southern Alps; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus brahli Overweg, 1850—middle to late Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus spinosus Michael, 1893—late Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Poland; crown.
Encrinus liliiformis Lamarck, 1801—late Anisian; Upper Muschelkalk, Central Europe; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus greppini Loriol, 1877—late Anisian; Upper Muschelkalk, Switzerland; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus n. sp. (undescribed specimen SMNS)—early Ladinian; Upper Muschelkalk (Rottweil Formation), Germany; crown.
Encrinus n. sp. (undescribed material)—Ladinian; Muschelkalk, Spain, Israel; complete articulated specimens.
Encrinus n. sp. (cf. Quenstedt 1852, Pl. 54, Fig. 11)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; crown, column.
Chelocrinus v. Meyer, 1837—middle Anisian–early Carnian; Europe
Chelocrinus n. sp. (Ernst and Löffler 1993, Fig. 2)—middle Anisian; Lower Muschelkalk, Central Europe; complete articulated specimens.
Chelocrinus schlotheimi (Quenstedt, 1835)—late Anisian, Upper Muschelkalk, Germany; complete articulated specimens.
Chelocrinus cassianus (Laube, 1864)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; crown, column, holdfast.
Cassianocrinus Laube, 1865—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Southern Alps.
Cassianocrinus varians (v. Münster, 1841)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; crown, column, holdfast.
Zardinicrinus Hagdorn, 2004—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Southern Europe
Zardinicrinus granulosus (v. Münster, 1834)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; crown, column, holdfast.
Zardinicrinus coronensis (Jekelius, 1936)—late Ladinian–early Carnian, Romania, Southern Alps; column, cup.
Ainigmacrinidae Hagdorn, 1988
Ainigmacrinus Hagdorn, 1988—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Southern Alps
Ainigmacrinus calyconodalis Hagdorn, 1988—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; column, cirrals, cup.
Traumatocrinidae Mu, 1949
Traumatocrinus Wöhrmann, 1889—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Europe, Asia, N-America
Traumatocrinus caudex Dittmar, 1886—early Carnian; Hallstatt Limestone, Raibl Formation, Europe; North America; column.
Traumatocrinus hsui Mu, 1949—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Xiaowa Formation, SW-China (Guizhou, Sichuan); complete articulated specimens.
Vostocovacrinus Yeltysheva & Polyarnaya, 1986—late Ladinian; Siberia, Spitsbergen
Vostocovacrinus boreus Yeltysheva & Polyarnaya, 1986—late Ladinian; Siberia, Spitsbergen; crown, column, holdfast.
Order Isocrinida Sieverts-Doreck, 1952
Pentacrinitidae Gray, 1842
Pentacrinites Blumenbach, 1804—late Norian–Oxfordian; Europe, Russia
Pentacrinites n. sp. (Moosleitner 2004, Pl. 46, Fig. 14)—late Norian/Rhaetian; Zlambach Formation, Austria; columnals, brachials.
Pentacrinites n. sp. (unpublished specimen MHI)—late Norian; Siberia, Kotelny Island; crown, column.
Seirocrinus Gislén, 1924—late Norian–Middle Jurassic; Europe, Russia, Asia, North America
Seirocrinus klikushini Simms, 1989—late Norian; Siberia, Kotelny Island; crown, column.
Family Eocomatulidae Simms, 1988
Eocomatula Simms, 1988—Rhaetian–Pliensbachian; Europe, South America
Eocomatula decagonalis Simms, 1988—Rhaetian; Pucará Group, Peru; column.
Isocrinidae Gislén, 1924
Tyrolecrinus Klikushin, 1982—Anisian–Rhaetian; Europe, Asia
Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis Laube, 1865—late Anisian–early Carnian; Quingyan Formation, Southwest China; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; column.
Tyrolecrinus scipio Bather, 1909 (incl. T. sceptrum and T. candelabrum)—Carnian; Hungary; column.
Tyrolecrinus hercuniae Bather, 1909—Carnian; Hungary; column.
Tyrolecrinus pecae Jurkovšek & Kolar-Jurkovšek, 1997—early Carnian; Slovenia; column.
Tyrolecrinus bavaricus Winkler, 1859—Rhaetian; Kössen Formation, Northern Alps; column.
Balanocrinus Agassiz in Desor, 1845—late Anisian–Early Cretaceous; Europe, Russia, China, Africa
Balanocrinus sp. indet. (Stiller 2001, p. 315)—late Anisian; Quingyan Formation, Guizhou; column.
Balanocrinus subcrenatus Münster, 1841—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation; Southern Alps; column.
Balanocrinus sp. indet. (Kristan-Tollmann & Tollmann, 1983, Figs. 7, 8; Moosleitner 2004, pl. 46, Figs. 19–20)—late Norian–Rhaetian; Austria, Timor; column.
Singularocrinus Klikushin, 1982—late Carnian–Norian; China, Russia
Singularocrinus singularis Klikushin, 1982—Norian; Russia; column.
Singularocrinus n. sp. (undescribed material MHI)—late Carnian; Hanwang Formation, Sichuan; cup, brachials, column.
Laevigatocrinus Klikushin, 1979—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Europe, Russia.
Laevigatocrinus laevigatus (v. Münster, 1841)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; column.
Isocrinidae gen. nov. Pentacrinus propinquus v. Münster, 1841 (? incl. “Pentacrinites” carolinensis Eagle, 2003, and “Laevigatocrinus” balmacaanensis Eagle, 2003)—late Ladinian–early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; Late Triassic, New Zealand; cup, column.
Order Comatulida A. H. Clark, 1908
Family Paracomatulidae Hess, 1951
Paracomatula Hess, 1951—late Norian–Middle Jurassic; New Caledonia, Europe.
Paracomatula triadica Hagdorn and Campbell, 1993—late Norian/Rhaetian; Bouraké Formation, New Caledonia; complete articulated specimens.
Order Millericrinida Sieverts-Doreck, 1952
Bangtoupocrinidae Stiller, 2000
Bangtoupocrinus Stiller, 2000—late Anisian; China.
Bangtoupocrinus kokeni Stiller, 2000—late Anisian; Quingyan Formation, Guizhou; column.
Silesiacrinus Hagdorn and Gluchowski, 1993—late Anisian; Europe, China.
Silesiacrinus silesiacus (Beyrich, 1857)—late Anisian; Lower to Middle Muschelkalk, Central Europe; column, holdfast.
Silesiacrinus parvus Stiller, 2000—late Anisian; Quingyan Formation, Southwest China; column.
Millericrinida gen. nov. (Entrochus sp. Bather 1929, pl. 1, Fig. 1–3; Zapfe 1967 Millericrinus sp. pl. 1, Fig. 9)—late Norian/Rhaetian; Hallstatt Limestone, Timor, Northern Alps; column, holdfast.
Order Roveacrinida Peck, 1943
Axicrinidae Hess (2010a)
Axicrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1977—early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps
Axicrinus alexandri Kristan-Tollmann, 1977—early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; cup, brachials.
Somphocrinidae Rasmussen, 1978
Somphocrinus Peck, 1948—Carnian; Central America, Europe, Timor
Somphocrinus mexicanus Peck, 1948—Carnian; Mexico; centrodorsal, cup, brachials.
Ossicrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian; Europe
Ossicrinus reticulatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; cup, centrodorsal.
Osteocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian, Carnian; Europe, Asia, Timor
Osteocrinus rectus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian–Carnian; Europe, Turkey, China, Timor; cup, brachials, centrodorsal.
Osteocrinus acus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian–middle Carnian; Europe, Turkey; cup, brachials, centrodorsal.
Osteocrinus spinosus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—late Ladinian–Carnian; Europe, Asia, China, Timor; cup, brachials, centrodorsal.
Osteocrinus reticulatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—middle Carnian; Europe, Asia, Turkey, Iran; cup, brachials, centrodorsal.
Osteocrinus virgatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1970—middle Carnian; Europe, Asia, Turkey, Iran; cup, brachials, centrodorsal.
Order indet.
Lanternocrinidae Kristan-Tollmann, 1990
Lanternocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1988—late Norian/Rhaetian; Austria, Timor
Lanternocrinus lanterna Kristan-Tollmann, 1988—late Norian/Rhaetian; Hallstatt Limestone, Austria, Timor; cup, arms.
Nasutocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—early Carnian–early Norian; Turkey, Timor
Nasutocrinus leios Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—early Carnian; Hallstatt Limestone, Turkey; isolated sclerites.
Nasutocrinus dentatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—early Norian; Hallstatt Limestone, Turkey, Timor; isolated sclerites.
Leocrinidae Kristan-Tollmann, 1990
Leocrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—Norian–Rhaetian; Europe, Asia
Leocrinus krystini Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—late Norian; Austria, Turkey, Timor; isolated sclerites.
Leocrinus undulatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—late Norian; Austria; isolated sclerites.
Leocrinus diffissus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—late Norian–Rhaetian; Zlambach Formation, Austria; isolated sclerites.
Leocrinus gracilis Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—Norian; Austria, Turkey, Timor; isolated sclerites.
Leocrinus armatus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—late Norian; Austria, Timor; isolated sclerites.
Quingyanocrinidae Stiller, 2000
Quinyanocrinus Stiller, 2000—late Anisian; China
Quinyanocrinus kueichouensis (Dubatolova and Shao 1959)—late Anisian; Quinyan Formation, Guizhou; column.
Tulipacrinidae Kristan-Tollmann, 1980
Tulipacrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1980—early Carnian–Rhaetian; Europe
Tulipacrinus tulipa Kristan-Tollmann, 1980—early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Rhaetian, Zlambach Formation; Alps; isolated sclerites.
Tulipacrinus latus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—early Carnian; Cassian Formation, Southern Alps; isolated sclerites.
Family indet.
Bihaticrinus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—Norian; Timor
Bihaticrinus manipulus Kristan-Tollmann, 1990—Norian; Hallstatt Limestone, Timor; isolated sclerites.